Implementasi Model Predictive Control (MPC) pada sistem HVAC Skala Kecil untuk Optimasi Kinerja Termal dan Efisiensi Energi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32502/jse.v10i2.1691Keywords:
Model Predictive Control, HVAC, Efisiensi Energi, Sistem KendaliAbstract
Sistem Heating, Ventilation, dan Air Conditioning (HVAC) merupakan salah satu penyumbang konsumsi energi terbesar pada bangunan, sehingga diperlukan strategi kendali yang tidak hanya mampu menjaga kenyamanan termal tetapi juga meningkatkan efisiensi energi. Metode kendali konvensional PID memiliki keterbatasan dalam menangani kendala system dan perubahan kondisi lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mengkaji implementasi Model Predictive Control (MPC) pada subsistem Air Conditioner (AC) pada HVAC skala kecil untuk mengoptimalkan kinerja termal dan konsumsi energi. Sistem HVAC dimodelkan sebagai sistem termal satu zona menggunakan pendekatan lumped parameter dan direpresentasikan dalam bentuk model state-space diskrit. MPC dirancang dengan fungsi objektif yang meminimalkan kesalahan pelacakan suhu terhadap setpoint dan perubahan daya pendinginan dengan memeprtimbangkan kendala operasional system. Pengujian dilakukan melalui simulasi menggunakan MATLAB dengan skenario pelacakan setpoint suhu dan gangguan lingkungan. Kinerja MPC dibandingkan dengan kendali PID konvensional berdasarkan respon suhu dan konsumsi energi. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa MPC mampu menghasilkan respons suhu yang stabil dengan konsumsi energi yang lebih rendah dibandingkan kendali PID. Secara kuantitatif, MPC membutuhkan energi sekitas 56,6 Wh, lebih rendah dibanding PID sebesar 58,5 Wh. Meskipun demikian, MPC memiliki waktu tunak yang sedikit lebih lama, yaitu sekitar 8 menit, dibandingkan dengan 6 menit pada kendali PID. Selain itu, MPC menghasilkan aksi kendali yang lebih halus, yang terlihat dari perubahan daya pendinginan yang lebih terkendali. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa MPC efektif sebagai alternatif kendali untuk meningkatkan kenyamanan termal dan efisiensi energi pada system HVAC skala kecil.
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