Effectiveness of Dormancy-Breaking Treatments on the Germination of Indigofera zollingeriana

Authors

  • Burhan Efendi Program Studi Peternakan, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Karanganyar, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
  • Zaki Ismail Fahmi Balai Pengawasan dan Sertifikasi Benih Propinsi Jawa Tengah, alan Raya, Bojongsari I, Bojongsari, Kembaran, Banyumas, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
  • Muhammad Nidhomun Ni’am Program Studi Peternakan, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Karanganyar, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
  • Zainudin Al Wahid Program Studi Peternakan, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Karanganyar, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
  • Mawakia Anwar Program Studi Peternakan, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Karanganyar, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32502/jgsa.v5i2.862

Keywords:

Indigofera zollingeriana, dormancy breaking, seed germination, scarification

Abstract

The availability of high-quality forage remains a major challenge in ruminant livestock systems, particularly during the dry season. Indigofera zollingeriana is a promising leguminous species with high protein content, yet its cultivation is constrained by high seed dormancy. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of various dormancy-breaking treatments on the germination of I. zollingeriana seeds, both in general (across treatment groups) and specifically (to determine the most effective treatment). The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 17 non-factorial treatments and three replications, using two germination test methods: Top of Paper (TOP) and Between Paper (BP). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and orthogonal contrast tests at 5% and 1% significance levels. Results showed that all treatments (K1–K16) significantly increased germination percentage compared to the control, with averages of 49.88% vs. 36.00% (TOP) and 53.69% vs. 41.00% (BP). The most effective treatment was immersion in 95% sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) for 10 minutes, which achieved the highest germination rate (88%) and the lowest dormancy intensity (0%), significantly outperforming physical, biological, and hormonal treatments. These findings indicate that short-duration chemical scarification can serve as a standard treatment for large-scale I. zollingeriana seed production. Further studies are needed to evaluate the physiological safety of the treatment and its impact on early seedling growth in field conditions.

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Published

23-12-2025

How to Cite

Efendi, B., Ismail Fahmi, Z., Nidhomun Ni’am, M., Al Wahid, Z., & Anwar, M. (2025). Effectiveness of Dormancy-Breaking Treatments on the Germination of Indigofera zollingeriana. Journal of Global Sustainable Agriculture, 5(3), 261–266. https://doi.org/10.32502/jgsa.v5i2.862

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Vol 5, No 3 (December 2025)

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